
[-defdefine TermUsedForMap "map"-]
[-defdefine BackgroundMapFormats_DLG_MapFormattingScheme_EditingAppName "NMPlot"-]
[-defdefine BackgroundMapFormats_DLG_MapFormattingScheme_EditingAppDescription
      " using the NMPlot application."
-]
<section id='WCGIS_BackgroundMapFormats_id'
webfilename='backgroundmapformats'>
    <title>
        Background Map Formats
    </title>
    <para>
        &app_name; can display background map layers stored in the following
        Geographic Information System (GIS) formats.
    </para>
    [-include "WCGIS_ImportFormats_List.rxl"-]
    <para>
        This chapter discusses each of these formats in detail.
    </para>
    <para>
        See <iref target='WCGIS_MapBackground_Layers_id'/> for instructions
        on adding background map layers to a &TermUsedForMap;.
    </para>
    <section id='WCGIS_MapFormat_Shapefile_id'>
        <title>
            ARC/INFO Shapefile (SHP)
        </title>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_Shapefile_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>
            <title>
                Shapefile Map Layer Options Dialog Box
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Shapefile Map Layer Options dialog box to configure a
                shapefile map <link target='#WCGIS_MapBackground_Layers_id'>background
                layer</link>.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_Shapefile_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                The Shapefile Map Layer Options dialog box is a Multiple Page
                dialog box. See <iref target='WCF_MultiplePageDialogBoxes_id'/>
                for more information.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_Shapefile_LayerOptionsDialogBox_ShapefileName_id'>
            <title>
                Shapefile Name Options Page
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Shapefile Name page of the <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_Shapefile_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>Shapefile
                Map Layer Options dialog box</link> to set the name of the shapefile
                you wish to display.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_Shapefile_ShapefileName_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                Type the name of the file containing the shapefile. Press the
                Browse button <img src='WCF_ThreeDotsButton_Figure.png'/>, located
                to the right of the text box, to display the Open File dialog
                box, which allows you to browse for the file.
            </para>
            <note type='note'>
                <para>
                    A single shapefile actually consists of three files: a main file,
                    an index file, and an attribute file. These files should have
                    the extensions <filetext>.shp</filetext>, <filetext>.shx</filetext>,
                    and <filetext>.dbf</filetext>, respectively. On the Shapefile
                    Name page, specify the name of the main file (i.e., the <filetext>.shp</filetext>
                    file).
                </para>
            </note>
        </section>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_Shapefile_LayerOptionsDialogBox_CoordinateSystem_id'>
            <title>
                Coordinate System Options Page
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Coordinate System page of the <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_Shapefile_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>Shapefile
                Map Layer Options dialog box</link> to specify the coordinate
                system used by the shapefile.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_Shapefile_CoordinateSystem_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                See <iref target='WCGISxWCF_CoordinateSystemControl_id'/> for
                instructions on specifying a coordinate system.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_Shapefile_LayerOptionsDialogBox_Scale_id'>
            <title>
                Scale Options Page
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Scale page of the <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_Shapefile_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>Shapefile
                Map Layer Options dialog box</link> to specify the scales at which
                this shapefile is displayed.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_Shapefile_Scale_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                If a &TermUsedForMap; is displayed at a scale below the one you
                specify, the shapefile layer is not displayed. This is useful
                if you have shapefiles with varying levels of detail. Using multiple
                shapefiles, you can construct maps that reveal more detail as
                you zoom in.
            </para>
            <para>
                For example, assume that you have two shapefiles. The first contains
                main roads, and the second contains secondary roads. You can set
                the main roads layer to display at all scales, and the secondary
                roads layer to display only at scales above 1:24,000. This prevents
                the secondary roads from cluttering the &TermUsedForMap; if you
                view it at a smaller scale.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_Shapefile_LayerOptionsDialogBox_Drawing_id'>
            <title>
                Drawing Options Page
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Drawing page of the <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_Shapefile_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>Shapefile
                Map Layer Options dialog box</link> to specify the style (colors,
                line widths, etc.) used to draw features in the shapefile.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_Shapefile_Drawing_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                You can set the following options.
            </para>
            <unorderedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Draw color:</italic> Select the color used to draw point
                        features, line features, and the outlines of area features. See
                        <iref target='WCF_ColorControl_id'/> for information on selecting
                        colors.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Fill color:</italic> Select the color used to fill the
                        interior of area features. For example, if the shapefile contains
                        areas representing lakes, you can set the fill color to blue.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Fill opacity:</italic> Select the opacity of the fill
                        color. The opacity may range from 0% (totally transparent) to
                        100% (totally opaque). An intermediate opacity will tint areas
                        with a translucent color that allows the background to show through.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Display points with:</italic> Select the symbol used to
                        display point features. Press the Select Symbol button <img
                        src='WCF_ThreeDotsButton_Figure.png'/> to display the Select Symbol
                        dialog box, which allows you to browse the available symbols.
                        See <iref target='WCF_SymbolControl_id'/>.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Line pattern:</italic> Select the dash pattern (dashed,
                        dotted, solid, etc.) of lines used to draw line features and the
                        outlines of area features. See <iref
                        target='WCF_LinePatternControl_id'/> for information on selecting
                        line patterns.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Line width:</italic> Type the width, in millimeters, of
                        lines used to draw line features and the outlines of area features.
                        Typical widths are between 0.2 to 1.0 millimeters.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Display areas by:</italic> Select how area features are
                        displayed. You have three options.
                    </para>
                    <unorderedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                Draw their outlines
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                Fill their interiors with a solid color
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                Both draw their outlines and fill their interiors
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </unorderedlist>
                </listitem>
            </unorderedlist>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>
                Technical Details
            </title>
            <para>
                &app_name; can display shapefile records of the following types.
            </para>
            <unorderedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        Point
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        PointZ
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        PointM
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        Multipoint
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        MultipointZ
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        MultipointM
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        PolyLine
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        PolyLineZ
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        PolyLineM
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        Polygon
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        PolygonZ
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        PolygonM
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </unorderedlist>
            <para>
                Shapefiles containing a mixture of record types are supported.
            </para>
            <para>
                Only the Main (.shp) file is required. The Index (.shx) and Attribute
                (.dbf) files may be present, but are not used. Attributes are
                not loaded.
            </para>
            <para>
                The shapefile format is controlled by Environmental Systems Research
                Institute, Inc (ESRI), the makers of the ARC/INFO GIS system.
                The official specifications are documented in an ESRI white paper
                titled "ESRI Shapefile Technical Description", which can be found
                on the ESRI web site, <link>http://www.esri.com</link> . As of
                September 2000, the URL for this document was <link>http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/shapefile.pdf</link>.
            </para>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section id='WCGIS_MapFormat_DLG_id'>
        <title>
            Digital Line Graph (DLG)
        </title>
        <section id='WCGIS_MapFormat_DLG_MapFormattingScheme_id'>
            <title>
                Map Formatting Schemes
            </title>
            <para>
                Every map feature in a Digital Line Graph (DLG) file contains
                <termtext>attribute codes</termtext> that specify properties of
                the feature. For example, a line feature might have the attribute
                codes for Primary Road and Under Construction. An attribute code
                consists of two integers: a 3-digit <termtext>major code</termtext>,
                and a 3- or 4-digit <termtext>minor code</termtext>. Attribute
                codes are standardized and documented: see <iref
                target='WCGIS_MapFormat_DLG_TechnicalDetails_id'/>.
            </para>
            <para>
                A <termtext>map formatting scheme</termtext> is a file containing
                rules that associate attribute codes with display styles. For
                example, a rule might state that line features with the code 170
                212 (four-wheel-drive roads) should be drawn in a thin gray dashed
                line.
            </para>
            <para>
                Map formatting schemes are stored in files with the extension
                <filetext>.mapformattingscheme</filetext>. You can create, view,
                and edit map formatting schemes&BackgroundMapFormats_DLG_MapFormattingScheme_EditingAppDescription;.
            </para>
            <para>
                To open an existing scheme, choose <menutext>Open</menutext> from
                the &BackgroundMapFormats_DLG_MapFormattingScheme_EditingAppName;
                <menutext>File</menutext> menu, then select a map formatting scheme
                file. A map formatting scheme document window appears.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_MapFormattingScheme_DocumentWindow_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                Map formatting scheme rules are divided into three groups, according
                to whether they apply to point, line, or area map features. Press
                one of the buttons to edit a group's rules. For example, if you
                press the Edit Line Rules button, a dialog box appears that allows
                you to edit the rules used for line features.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_MapFormattingScheme_LineRulesDialogBox_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <orderedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        Map Formatting Scheme rule tables have an additional column labeled
                        Rule Name. This column is used to give a descriptive name to a
                        rule.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        Instead of columns labeled Category and Name, map formatting scheme
                        rule tables have a column labeled DLG Attribute Codes. Map Formatting
                        Scheme rules are matched against a DLG feature's attribute codes
                        in the same way that Grid Geographic Annotation display rules
                        are matched against an annotation's category and name. In the
                        DLG Attribute Codes column, type the attribute codes associated
                        with each rule. Here are some examples.
                    </para>
                    <unorderedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                "170 201" matches DLG features with the attribute code 170 201.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                "170 201..205" matches DLG features with a major code of 170,
                                and a minor code between 201 and 205.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                "170 201,203" matches DLG features with a major code of 170, and
                                a minor code of either 201 or 203.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                "170 201 and 170 603" matches DLG features with both attribute
                                codes 170 201 and 170 603.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                "170 201 then 170 603" matches DLG feature with both attribute
                                codes 170 201 and 170 603, with 170 603 following 170 201 in the
                                feature's list of codes.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                " " matches DLG features with no attribute codes.
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </unorderedlist>
                    <para>
                        As an example, "170 201-208 and 170 603,604" matches all primary
                        and secondary roads under construction.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        Map Formatting Scheme rule tables have an additional column labeled
                        Scale (1:x). This column allows you to specify the minimum scale
                        at which matching DLG features are displayed. If a &TermUsedForMap;
                        is displayed at a scale below a rule's scale, any DLG features
                        matching that rule are not displayed. This allows you to construct
                        maps that reveal more detail as you zoom in.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </orderedlist>
            <note type='note'>
                <para>
                    &app_name; is distributed with a default map formatting scheme.
                    This scheme is in the file <filetext>Default.MapFormattingScheme</filetext>,
                    which can be found in the directory where &app_name; is installed.
                </para>
            </note>
            <note type='note'>
                <para>
                    This section provides only the briefest introduction to attribute
                    codes. If you intend to modify map formatting schemes, obtain
                    the official DLG documentation, which describes attribute codes
                    in detail. See <iref
                    target='WCGIS_MapFormat_DLG_TechnicalDetails_id'/> for information
                    on obtaining the documentation.
                </para>
            </note>
        </section>
        <section id='WCGIS_MapFormat_DLG_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>
            <title>
                Digital Line Graph (DLG) Options Dialog Box
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Digital Line Graph Map Layer Options dialog box to configure
                a DLG map <link target='#WCGIS_MapBackground_Layers_id'>background
                layer</link>.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_DLG_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                <italic>Descriptive name of this map layer:</italic> Type a short
                description of this map layer. Examples are "Roads" and "Water
                Features". This allows you to identify this layer in the future.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Map formatting scheme that will be used to interpret this
                map layer's data:</italic> Type the name of the file containing
                the map formatting scheme used to display this DLG layer. Press
                the Browse button <img src='WCF_ThreeDotsButton_Figure.png'/>,
                located to the right of the text box, to display the Open File
                dialog box, which allows you to browse for the file. Map formatting
                schemes typically have the extension <filetext>.mapformattingscheme</filetext>.
                See <iref target='WCGIS_MapFormat_DLG_MapFormattingScheme_id'/>.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Geographic datum used to store coordinates in this map
                layer's DLG file(s):</italic> Select the DLG files' geographic
                datum. See <iref target='WCGISxWCF_DatumControl_id'/> for information
                on selecting datums. See <iref
                target='WCGIS_IntroductionToDatums_id'/> for general information
                on datums.
            </para>
            <note type='important'>
                <para>
                    Many DLG files supplied by the United States Geological Survey
                    (USGS) are in the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD-27). Make
                    sure that you know the correct datum for your DLG files.
                </para>
            </note>
            <para>
                <italic>Show Points, Lines, Areas:</italic> Check the boxes corresponding
                to the geographic features you wish to display. Typically, all
                three boxes should be checked. However, if necessary, you can
                restrict which features are displayed. For example, you can choose
                to display only point geographic features.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Name(s) of DLG file(s) that contain this map layer's data:</italic>
                Type the names of the DLG files that you wish to display as part
                of this layer. Any number of files can be listed. Press one of
                the Browse buttons <img src='WCF_ThreeDotsButton_Figure.png'/>,
                which are located to the right of the file name text boxes, to
                display the Open File dialog box, which allows you to browse for
                a file. DLG files typically have the extension <filetext>.dlg</filetext>.
            </para>
            <para>
                Press the Add File To List button to add a file. Remove a file
                by clicking on it with the mouse, and then pressing the Remove
                File From List button.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section id='WCGIS_MapFormat_DLG_TechnicalDetails_id'>
            <title>
                Technical Details
            </title>
            <para>
                &app_name; can read 1:24000 and 1:100000, level 3, optional format
                DLG files.
            </para>
            <para>
                The coordinate system of the DLG file must be Universal Transverse
                Mercator (UTM).
            </para>
            <para>
                The DLG file cannot contain DLG accuracy records.
            </para>
            <para>
                &app_name; can display DLG records of the following types.
            </para>
            <unorderedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        N (Node)
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        L (Line)
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        A (Area)
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </unorderedlist>
            <para>
                DLG files containing a mixture of record types are supported.
            </para>
            <para>
                &app_name; can merge DLG topology data in layers containing more
                than one DLG file.
            </para>
            <para>
                The DLG format is controlled by the National Mapping Division
                of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The official specifications
                are documented in a technical report titled "Standards for Digital
                Line Graphs", which can be found on the USGS web site, <link>http://www.usgs.gov</link>.
                As of September 2000, the URL for this document was <link>http://rockyweb.cr.usgs.gov/nmpstds/dlgstds.html</link>.
                This document contains a list of all DLG attribute codes.
            </para>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section id='WCGIS_MapFormat_DXF_id'>
        <title>
            AutoCAD Data Exchange Format (DXF)
        </title>
        <note type='warning'>
            <para>
                Use the DXF format as a last resort, only if no alternative is
                available. DXF is a very ambiguous format, which results in different
                applications interpreting the same DXF file in different ways.
                You can expect fewer problems using other formats, such as <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_Shapefile_id'>ARC/INFO Shapefile</link>
                or <link target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_DLG_id'>Digital Line Graph</link>.
            </para>
        </note>
        <section id='WCGIS_MapFormat_DXF_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>
            <title>
                DXF Map Layer Options Dialog Box
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the DXF Map Layer Options dialog box to configure a DXF map
                <link target='#WCGIS_MapBackground_Layers_id'>background layer</link>.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_DXF_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                The DXF Map Layer Options dialog box is a Multiple Page dialog
                box. See <iref target='WCF_MultiplePageDialogBoxes_id'/> for more
                information.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_DXF_LayerOptionsDialogBox_DXFFilename_id'>
            <title>
                DXF Filename Options Page
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the DXF Filename page of the <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_DXF_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>DXF Map
                Layer Options dialog box</link> to set the name of the DXF file
                you wish to display.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_DXF_DXFFileName_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                Type the name of the DXF file. Press the Browse button <img
                src='WCF_ThreeDotsButton_Figure.png'/>, located to the right of
                the text box, to display the Open File dialog box, which allows
                you to browse for the file. This file will typically have the
                extension <filetext>.dxf</filetext>.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_DXF_LayerOptionsDialogBox_CoordinateSystem_id'>
            <title>
                Coordinate System Options Page
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Coordinate System page of the <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_DXF_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>DXF Map
                Layer Options dialog box</link> to specify the coordinate system
                used by the DXF file.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_DXF_CoordinateSystem_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                See <iref target='WCGISxWCF_CoordinateSystemControl_id'/> for
                instructions on specifying a coordinate system.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_DXF_LayerOptionsDialogBox_Scale_id'>
            <title>
                Scale Options Page
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Scale page of the <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_DXF_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>DXF Map
                Layer Options dialog box</link> to specify the scales at which
                this DXF file is displayed.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_DXF_Scale_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                If a &TermUsedForMap; is displayed at a scale below the one you
                specify, the DXF layer is not displayed. This is useful if you
                have DXF files with varying levels of detail. Using multiple DXF
                files, you can construct maps that reveal more detail as you zoom
                in.
            </para>
            <para>
                For example, assume that you have two DXF files. The first contains
                main roads, and the second contains secondary roads. You can set
                the main roads layer to display at all scales, and the secondary
                roads layer to display only at scales above 1:24,000. This prevents
                the secondary roads from cluttering the &TermUsedForMap; if you
                view it at a smaller scale.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_DXF_LayerOptionsDialogBox_Drawing_id'>
            <title>
                Drawing Options Page
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Drawing page of the <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_DXF_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>DXF Map
                Layer Options dialog box</link> to specify the style (colors,
                line widths, etc.) used to draw features in the DXF file.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_DXF_Drawing_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                You can set the following options.
            </para>
            <unorderedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Draw color:</italic> Select the color used to draw point
                        features, line features, and the outlines of area features. See
                        <iref target='WCF_ColorControl_id'/> for information on selecting
                        colors.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Fill color:</italic> Select the color used to fill the
                        interior of area features. For example, if the DXF file contains
                        areas representing lakes, you can set the fill color to blue.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Fill opacity:</italic> Select the opacity of the fill
                        color. The opacity may range from 0% (totally transparent) to
                        100% (totally opaque). An intermediate opacity will tint areas
                        with a translucent color that allows the background to show through.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Display points with:</italic> Select the symbol used to
                        display point features. Press the Select Symbol button <img
                        src='WCF_ThreeDotsButton_Figure.png'/> to display the Select Symbol
                        dialog box, which allows you to browse the available symbols.
                        See <iref target='WCF_SymbolControl_id'/>.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Line pattern:</italic> Select the dash pattern (dashed,
                        dotted, solid, etc.) of lines used to draw line features and the
                        outlines of area features. See <iref
                        target='WCF_LinePatternControl_id'/> for information on selecting
                        line patterns.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Line width:</italic> Type the width, in millimeters, of
                        lines used to draw line features and the outlines of area features.
                        Typical widths are between 0.2 to 1.0 millimeters.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Display areas by:</italic> Select how area features are
                        displayed. You have three options.
                    </para>
                    <unorderedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                Draw their outlines
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                Fill their interiors with a solid color
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                Both draw their outlines and fill their interiors
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </unorderedlist>
                </listitem>
            </unorderedlist>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>
                Technical Details
            </title>
            <para>
                &app_name; can display DXF entities of the following types.
            </para>
            <unorderedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        POINT
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        LINE
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        POLYLINE
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </unorderedlist>
            <para>
                &app_name; recognizes entities in either BLOCKS or ENTITIES sections.
            </para>
            <para>
                The DXF format is controlled by Autodesk, Inc., the makers of
                AutoCAD. The official specifications are documented in an appendix
                of the AutoCAD Reference Manual.
            </para>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section id='WCGIS_MapFormat_GeoreferencedBitmap_id'>
        <title>
            Georeferenced Bitmap
        </title>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_GeoreferencedBitmap_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>
            <title>
                Georeferenced Bitmap Map Layer Options Dialog Box
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Georeferenced Bitmap Map Layer Options dialog box to configure
                a Georeferenced Bitmap Image map <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapBackground_Layers_id'>background layer</link>.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_GeoreferencedBitmap_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                The Georeferenced Bitmap Map Layer Options dialog box is a Multiple
                Page dialog box. See <iref
                target='WCF_MultiplePageDialogBoxes_id'/> for more information.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_GeoreferencedBitmap_LayerOptionsDialogBox_ImageFile_id'>
            <title>
                Image File Options Page
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Image File page of the <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_GeoreferencedBitmap_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>Georeferenced
                Bitmap Map Layer Options dialog box</link> to set the name of
                the bitmap image file you wish to display.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_GeoreferencedBitmap_ImageFile_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                Type the name of the bitmap image file. Press the Browse button
                <img src='WCF_ThreeDotsButton_Figure.png'/>, located to the right
                of the text box, to display the Open File dialog box, which allows
                you to browse for the file.
            </para>
            <para>
                &app_name; can read the following types of bitmap image files.
            </para>
            <unorderedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        Microsoft Windows Bitmap (bmp)
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        GIF (gif)
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        JPEG (jpg, jpeg)
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        Portable Network Graphics (png)
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        Tagged Image File Format (tif, tiff), uncompressed
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </unorderedlist>
        </section>
        <section
        id='WCGIS_MapFormat_GeoreferencedBitmap_LayerOptionsDialogBox_Georeferencing_id'>
            <title>
                Georeferencing Options Page
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Georeferencing page of the <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapFormat_GeoreferencedBitmap_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>Georeferenced
                Bitmap Map Layer Options dialog box</link> to specify the portion
                of the Earth's surface represented by the bitmap image.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_GeoreferencedBitmap_Georeferencing_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                <italic>Image projection coordinate system:</italic> Select the
                projection coordinate system of the bitmap image. See <iref
                target='WCGISxWCF_CoordinateSystemControl_id'/> for information
                on specifying a coordinate system.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Image georeferencing:</italic> Use the drop-down list
                to select the method for georeferencing the image. You have three
                choices.
            </para>
            <unorderedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Georeference using locations of the image's lower-left
                        and upper-right corners</italic> - Specify the geographic coordinates
                        of the image's lower-left (i.e., southwest) and upper-right (i.e.,
                        northeast) corners. The coordinates must be supplied in the image's
                        projection coordinate system.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Georeference using location of the image's lower-left
                        corner, and size of the image</italic> - Specify the geographic
                        coordinates of the image's lower-left (i.e., southwest) corner.
                        The coordinates must be supplied in the image's projection coordinate
                        system. Also specify the width (i.e., the east-west extent) and
                        the height (i.e., the north-south extent) of the image. The units
                        used to specify the width and height depend upon the projection
                        coordinate system.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Georeference using location of the image's lower-left
                        corner, and size of an image pixel</italic> - Specify the geographic
                        coordinates of the image's lower-left (i.e., southwest) corner.
                        The coordinates must be supplied in the image's projection coordinate
                        system. Also specify the width (i.e., the east-west extent) and
                        the height (i.e., the north-south extent) of a single pixel in
                        the image. The units used to specify the width and height depend
                        upon the projection coordinate system.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Georeference using location of the image's upper-left
                        corner, and size of the image</italic> - Specify the geographic
                        coordinates of the image's upper-left (i.e., northwest) corner.
                        The coordinates must be supplied in the image's projection coordinate
                        system. Also specify the width (i.e., the east-west extent) and
                        the height (i.e., the north-south extent) of the image. The units
                        used to specify the width and height depend upon the projection
                        coordinate system.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Georeference using location of the image's upper-left
                        corner, and size of an image pixel</italic> - Specify the geographic
                        coordinates of the image's upper-left (i.e., northwest) corner.
                        The coordinates must be supplied in the image's projection coordinate
                        system. Also specify the width (i.e., the east-west extent) and
                        the height (i.e., the north-south extent) of a single pixel in
                        the image. The units used to specify the width and height depend
                        upon the projection coordinate system.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <italic>Georeference using world file</italic> - &app_name; will
                        read georeferencing information from a world file associated with
                        the image. The world file must have the same file name as the
                        image, and must have one of the following extensions:
                    </para>
                    <para>
                        .wld, .wf, .worldfile, .twf, .tifw, .tiffw, .tfw, .bwf, .bmpw,
                        .bpw, .pwf, .pngw, .pnw, .pgw, .jwf, .jpgw, .jpegw, .jpw, .jgw
                    </para>
                    <para>
                        For example, if the image file is named "Chicago.bmp", an acceptable
                        world file name would be "Chicago.wld".
                    </para>
                    <note type='note'>
                        <para>
                            A world file is a standard way of specifying georeferencing information
                            for a bitmap image. The format was defined by Environmental Systems
                            Research Institute, Inc (ESRI).
                        </para>
                        <para>
                            A world file is a simple text file consisting of 6 numbers, each
                            on a separate line.
                        </para>
                        <para>
                            The first number is the size of an image pixel in the X (east-west)
                            direction.
                        </para>
                        <para>
                            The second and third numbers are rotation terms. &app_name; does
                            not currently support world file rotation. Therefore, these numbers
                            must be zero.
                        </para>
                        <para>
                            The fourth number is the size of an image pixel in the Y (north-south)
                            direction. This number is usually negative: see below.
                        </para>
                        <para>
                            The fifth number is the X coordinate of the center of the upper-left
                            image pixel.
                        </para>
                        <para>
                            If the fourth number is <bold>negative</bold>, the sixth number
                            is the Y coordinate of the center of the <bold>upper</bold>-left
                            image pixel.
                        </para>
                        <para>
                            If the fourth number is <bold>positive</bold>, the sixth number
                            is the Y coordinate of the center of the <bold>lower</bold>-left
                            image pixel.
                        </para>
                    </note>
                </listitem>
            </unorderedlist>
            <note type='note'>
                <para>
                    You should be able to find georeferencing information in the documentation
                    that accompanies your bitmap image. If you do not have this information,
                    ask the person or organization who supplied the image. Or, contact
                    your local GIS expert.
                </para>
                <para>
                    Georeferenced bitmap images are often distributed with an accompanying
                    world file, which contains georeferencing information. However,
                    keep in mind that a world file does not contain information about
                    an image's projection. Your image's projection must be entered
                    into &app_name; by hand.
                </para>
            </note>
            <note type='caution'>
                <para>
                    You can display any number of georeferenced images on a single
                    &TermUsedForMap;. However, all of the images must have compatible
                    projection coordinate systems. &app_name; will allow you to create
                    a &TermUsedForMap; with images in different projections, but this
                    should be attempted only if you have a thorough understanding
                    of map projections. To be safe, novices should insure that all
                    georeferenced images have exactly the same projection.
                </para>
            </note>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>
                Technical Details
            </title>
            <para>
                &app_name; can read bitmap images in the following formats.
            </para>
            [-include "WCIMGIO_SupportedImageFormats_Read_Detailed_List.rxl"-]
        </section>
    </section>
    <section id='WCGIS_MapFormat_CADRG_id'>
        <title>
            Compressed ARC Digitized Raster Graphics (CADRG)
        </title>
        <section id='WCGIS_MapFormat_CADRG_LayerOptionsDialogBox_id'>
            <title>
                Compressed ARC Digitized Raster Graphics (CADRG) Map Layer Options
                Dialog Box
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the Compressed ARC Digitized Raster Graphics (CADRG) Map Layer
                Options dialog box to configure a CADRG map <link
                target='#WCGIS_MapBackground_Layers_id'>background layer</link>.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_CADRG_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                <italic>Table of contents file:</italic> Type the name of the
                CADRG table of contents file. Press the Browse button <img
                src='WCF_ThreeDotsButton_Figure.png'/>, located to the right of
                the text box, to display the Open File dialog box, which allows
                you to browse for the file.
            </para>
            <para>
                The CADRG table of contents is a file is named <filetext>A.TOC</filetext>.
                You will find it in the root directory (i.e., a directory named
                <filetext>RPF</filetext>) of the CADRG map you wish to load.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Brightness adjustment:</italic><linebreak/>
                <italic>Contrast adjustment:</italic> Type numbers between -100
                and 100 to indicate how much the brightness and contrast of the
                CADRG map should be adjusted before it is displayed. Values of
                0 leave the map unchanged. Values above 0 increase the brightness
                and contrast; value below 0 decrease the brightness and contrast.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Longitude Tweak:</italic><linebreak/>
                <italic>Latitude Tweak:</italic> Type numbers between -0.1 and
                0.1 to indicate how much the CADRG map should be shifted in degrees
                longitude and latitude. If foreground elements do not line up
                exactly with the background CADRG map, use non-zero values to
                shift the map slightly. The appropriate tweak values are best
                found using trial and error.
            </para>
            <note type='tip'>
                <para>
                    As distributed, most CADRG maps are poor backgrounds. The map
                    colors are too intense, making it difficult to see any foreground
                    detail displayed over the map.
                </para>
                <para>
                    In most situations, you should adjust the brightness and contrast
                    so that the map colors are muted. As a starting point, try a brightness
                    adjustment of 30 and a contrast adjustment of -70. These values
                    have been found to work well with most CADRG maps distributed
                    by the United States' National Imagery and Mapping Agency.
                </para>
                <exhibit>
                    <img
                    src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_CADRG_AdjustmentExample_Figure.png'
                    standard_colors='true'/>
                </exhibit>
            </note>
            <note type='tip'>
                <para>
                    CADRG maps are typically distributed on a CD-ROM. If desired,
                    you can copy the CADRG map to your hard drive. Simply copy the
                    RPF directory, taking care to preserve the subdirectory structure.
                </para>
                <para>
                    A CADRG map will load much faster from a hard drive. It may also
                    be more convenient to use, since you do not have to insert a CD-ROM.
                </para>
            </note>
            <note type='warning'>
                <para>
                    CADRG maps can be huge. Uncompressed, they can be several thousand
                    megabytes in size. &app_name; supports incremental loading: it
                    reads sections of the CADRG map on an as-needed basis. However,
                    as you zoom out on a &TermUsedForMap;, you cause more CADRG map
                    data to be loaded. If you zoom out far enough, enough map data
                    can be loaded to overwhelm even the largest computer.
                </para>
            </note>
            <note type='note'>
                <para>
                    Do not confuse the Compressed ARC Digitized Raster Graphics (CADRG)
                    format with the Digital Raster Graphics (DRG) format developed
                    by the United States Geological Survey. They are different formats.
                </para>
            </note>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>
                Technical Details
            </title>
            <para>
                Compressed ARC Digitized Raster Graphics (CADRG) is a georeferenced
                bitmap format for storing background maps. It was developed by
                the United States Department of Defense's Defense Mapping Agency
                (now known as NIMA, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency).
            </para>
            <para>
                The CADRG format is documented in military specification MIL-PRF-89038
                (formerly MIL-C-89038), dated 6 October 1994, and Amendment 1,
                dated 27 April 1999. These documents can be downloaded from the
                NIMA web site, <link>http://www.nima.mil/</link>. As of September
                2001, the URLs for PDF versions of these documents were <link>http://www.nima.mil/publications/specs/printed/89038/89038_CADRG.pdf</link>
                and <link>http://www.nima.mil/publications/specs/printed/89038/89038_A1.pdf</link>.
            </para>
        </section>
    </section>
    <section id='WCGIS_MapFormat_SlippyMap_id'>
        <title>
            SlippyMap
        </title>
        <para>
            SlippyMap is a standard for accessing map data via the internet.
            Maps are transmitted as bitmap image tiles that are downloaded
            on an as-needed basis.
        </para>
        <para>
            Numerous SlippyMap servers on the internet are available that
            supply maps in a variety of styles. Some servers are supported
            by donations and supply their maps for free with no restrictions.
            Others require acknowledgment and/or a paid subscription.
        </para>
        <note type='important'>
            <para>
                SlippyMap providers can and do enforce restrictions on how their
                map data is used. Using SlippyMap data in a manner that does not
                meet the provider's restrictions is a violation of law, and can
                results in legal liabilities. You are responsible for determining
                a provider's restrictions and abiding by them.
            </para>
        </note>
        <section>
            <title>
                SlippyMap Map Layer Options Dialog Box
            </title>
            <para>
                Use the SlippyMap Map Layer Options dialog box to configure a
                SlippyMap <link target='#WCGIS_MapBackground_Layers_id'>background
                layer</link>.
            </para>
            <exhibit>
                <img
                src='WCGISxWCF_BackgroundMapFormats_SlippyMap_ScreenCap.png'/>
            </exhibit>
            <para>
                <italic>Tile Server URL Prefix:</italic><linebreak/>
                <italic>Tile Addressing Scheme:</italic><linebreak/>
                <italic>Tile Server URL Suffix:</italic> Each SlippyMap tile image
                is accessed by a URL (i.e., an internet address) that encodes
                the server location and parameters, along with the tile's zoom
                level and geographic location. Each SlippyMap server will document
                their URL format. <italic>Tile Addressing Scheme</italic> is the
                format used to describe the tile's zoom level and geographic location.
                <italic>Tile Server URL Prefix</italic> and <italic>Tile Server
                URL Suffix</italic> are the text of the URL before and after the
                addressing scheme.
            </para>
            <para>
                The text "https://" and "/" will be automatically added before/after
                the URL prefix if not already present. Since the default is https,
                if you want to access a SlippyMap server in http mode, you should
                explicitly begin your <italic>Tile Server URL Prefix</italic>
                with "http://". The need to do this is becoming less common, as
                more and more servers shift to offering their tiles via an encrypted
                https conection.
            </para>
            <note type='tip'>
                <para>
                    If &app_name; is downloading and displaying SlippyMap data, but
                    the resultant maps appears scrambled, it is likely that the incorrect
                    tile addressing scheme has been selected. If you have tried all
                    available schemes and the map still appears scrambled, it is possible
                    that the SlippyMap server is using an addressing scheme that is
                    not currently supported.
                </para>
            </note>
            <para>
                <italic>Sample Tile URL:</italic> An example tile URL, constructed
                using the URL prefix, addressing scheme, and suffix, is displayed.
                Press the "Copy Sample Tile URL" button to copy the sample URL
                to the clipboard. If everything is configured correctly, you should
                be able to paste the URL into a web browser and have it download
                and display the tile image.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Zoom Level Range:</italic> In the SlippyMap standard,
                the scale of a map is denoted by an integer zoom level. At zoom
                level 0, the map displays the entire world, while at zoom level
                18, individual houses are visible. Most SlippyMap servers supply
                maps at zoom levels from 0 to 18, although a few are limited to
                a different zoom range. By specifying a server's zoom level range,
                you prevent &app_name; from needlessly trying to download map
                tiles at zoom levels that the server does not supply.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Attribution Text:</italic> The terms of use for some SlippyMap
                servers require you to display copyright and attribution information
                when using their maps. Text you enter in the <italic>Attribution
                Text</italic> box will be displayed in the lower-right corner
                of the map by &app_name;.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Attribution Logo:</italic> In addition to attribution
                text, some servers also require you to display a graphical company
                logo. In this case, the SlippyMap server documentation will supply
                you with a logo image file that you can download to your computer.
                Enter the full path file name of this logo image in the <italic>Attribution
                Logo</italic> box. It will be displayed next to the attribution
                text in the lower-right corner of the map.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Presets:</italic> Once you have configured the parameters
                of a SlippyMap server, you can save those settings as a preset
                that can be accessed in the future. To create a new preset, edit
                the SlippyMap server parameters as desired, then press the Save
                as New Preset button. You will be prompted for a name for the
                new preset.
            </para>
            <para>
                If you edit the parameters of an existing preset, press the Update
                Preset button to update the preset with the new settings. Press
                the Rename Preset and Delete Preset buttons to rename and delete
                the preset currently displayed in the drop-down preset list.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Show map only at SlippyMap zoom levels:</italic> &app_name;
                can display a SlippyMap at any map scale; data from the closest
                SlippyMap zoom level is used. However, SlippyMap maps are designed
                to be displayed with an exact 1:1 correspondence between a map
                tile image's pixels and your computer monitor's pixels. Displaying
                them at other map scales can result in reduced legibility.
            </para>
            <para>
                If the "Show map only at SlippyMap zoom levels" box is checked,
                then when displaying maps that include SlippyMap data, &app_name;
                will only display them at the exact scales corresponding to SlippyMap
                zoom levels.
            </para>
            <para>
                Note that this setting is a global application-wide option.
            </para>
            <para>
                <italic>Show SlippyMap debug data:</italic> If this box is checked,
                information about the status of the SlippyMap map layer will be
                displayed in the lower-left corner of the map. Data displayed
                includes the map's current zoom level and the number of SlippyMap
                tiles currently being downloaded.
            </para>
            <para>
                Note that this setting is a global application-wide option.
            </para>
        </section>
        <section>
            <title>
                Technical Details
            </title>
            <para>
                &app_name; can display SlippyMap tile images delivered in either
                .png or .jpg format.
            </para>
            <para>
                SlippyMap maps use the <link
                target='#WCGISxWCF_CoordinateSystemControl_WebMercator_id'>Web
                Mercator</link> map projection.
            </para>
            <para>
                Downloaded SlippyMap map tile images are cached on your hard drive
                for reuse. This greatly increases performance, as the map data
                for a particular region and zoom level only needs to be downloaded
                once. To prevent the disk cache from growing too large, the map
                tile files will be deleted approximately 60 days after they are
                downloaded. See <iref
                target='WCCACHExWCF_ApplicationOptions_CacheOptions_id'/>, for
                more information.
            </para>
        </section>
    </section>
</section>
